fiction exercises

Fiction Exercise: Final part

The fiction-writing exercise described in the posts of February 2713, 16, and 21 was the first assignment of a class in which the students would later write essays on assigned subjects, using works of fiction and poetry as sources.  The goal was to provide the students with some insight into what it takes to write fiction. (Poetry writing was addressed in another exercise). The greater goal was to engender a keener appreciation of fiction.

The Pitfalls:  Students were assigned to work in groups at least in the early stages of this exercise.  There were two reasons for this:  1) to let students get to know each other, and 2) to loosen up their imaginations by discussing their observations and creative input with others in an atmosphere where there was no “right” and “wrong.” These two goals were achieved, but there were also two problems:  1) Some students did not participate fully in the creative effort, and 2) story-by-committee or any creative effort by-committee does not usually produce high quality work.

I would recommend doing the first draft in groups, and having individual students continue to the second and final drafts individually.

Another pitfall was that it was difficult to grade these stories. This was not a fiction-writing course, so I could not hold them to advanced standards. In fiction the grammatical controls are not even very tight – students can wander and invent language which might be appropriate only within the confines of their story. The group aspect of the exercise  also lent itself to different styles and formats being included within a single story.

I would recommend doing this fiction exercise as a warm-up and a getting-to-know-you activity. This would entail using less than the full five classes doing it – perhaps cutting it down to two classes, with the final draft due on the third. I would probably not even give grades on it, but might think up some kind of reward for the “best” story, like reading it aloud in class.

The Benefits:  This exercise was accomplished with a minimum of stress and a maximum of bonhomie. It was thus an excellent warmup for the course.

The most unexpected benefit was that students could see verb tenses used in a context where it mattered.  If something happened before another thing in the past, and the Past Perfect was not used, then the story fell apart. If verb tenses were switched partway through, the same thing happened.  Suddenly, the purpose of verbs in creating a time frame became vividly apparent.

Matters of form also became clear without any explanation. If there was not sufficient explanation given of a certain action, the reader got lost. In explaining an academic point, “sufficient explanation” does not have a guidepost quite as stark as in fiction. If you don’t explain a certain reason why, for example, “parents should avoid feeding their children fast food,” the reader might easily come to a conclusion anyway, but if you don’t know why John killed Mary, there is no story at all.

I will not know for a while whether writing some fiction themselves enriched their appreciation of the authors we will be reading this semester, but will ask at the end of the semester what their opinion was of the exercise in the context of the whole course.

 

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Fiction Exercise: Part 4

The fiction-writing exercise described in the posts of February 27 and 13 was the first assignment of a class in which the students would later write essays on assigned subjects, using works of fiction and poetry as sources.  The goal was to provide the students with some insight into what it takes to write fiction. (Poetry writing was addressed in another exercise). The greater goal was to engender a keener appreciation of fiction.

After getting the general plot settled in previous classes, it was time to concentrate on the pacing.

Exercise:  Two things in particular can slow the pace of a story; unnecessary words, and lack of clarity.

Peer review provides a good opportunity for students to comb an essay for repetition, which is self-explanatory, and adverbs, most of which can be removed.  ”He ran” is sufficient, instead of “he ran quickly.” If the point is his speed, then use sped, sprinted, galloped, streaked, or some other more expressive verb.  Use the word itself to provide the energy, not an adverb. Instead of “he was very angry,” use fumed, or blustered, or boiled, and so on.

The passive voice, and the “It,” and “This,” forms (it was cold, this was true (when it’s not clear what “this” is) turn energy upon itself.  ”He was told,” should be “John told him” unless there’s a darn good reason why not to reveal John’s presence at that moment. In writing a fiction piece, it is easier to discern whether the agent needs to be hidden. Fiction reveals many things in living color.

Lack of clarity causes the reader to re-analyze a sentence, thus slowing her forward progress. One student wrote “This drifted TJ and his friend apart.” Drifted is an intransitive verb, so this sounds odd, causing a blip in comprehension. Changing this to “TJ and his friend drifted apart” corrects the fuzziness of this sentence and moves the story ahead faster.

Mastery of grammar is most necessary when fixing awkward or inexpressive work.

This exercise teaches, without saying so, that every word has its own energy. Changing one word or one construction shifts the balance of a sentence because a words are more than simple meaning. Each word, and each grammatical form carries baggage.

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Fiction Exercise: Part 3

The fiction-writing exercise described in the posts of February 2 and 7 was the first assignment of a class in which the students would later write essays on assigned subjects, using works of fiction and poetry as sources.  The goal was to provide the students with some insight into what it takes to write fiction. (Poetry writing was addressed in another exercise). The greater goal was to engender a keener appreciation of fiction.

After creating the first draft of the essay, it was time to introduce some fiction techniques.

Exercise:  The groups gathered to storyboard their work.  The storyboard we used is a blank page divided into squares.  The students were asked to represent graphically the high points of their story — the actions which move it along.  Only a few students have the artistic training to do complex drawings, but they can use stick figures and simple designs.  This exercise gives them a clear idea of how the story moves from point to point, and of where the tension is.

Exercise:  The second exercise for the groups was to create a backstory for their two main characters.  To do this, they created a history for each one.  This exercise can give depth to the characters, and helps them create a story that is more organic and natural. I noted that storyboards are a conventional way of writers to present, say, a new television series to the producers, and asked them to treat the exercise as a such a presentation.

Both of these exercises have the benefit of bonding the class, and they are unfailingly fun for the students. While not strictly a Linguistics exercise, it shows the way a community mind works in creating language, and that aspect of the work can be pointed out after it is over.

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Fiction Exercise: Part 2

The fiction-writing exercise described in the post of February 2 was the first assignment of a class in which the students would later write essays on assigned subjects, using works of fiction and poetry as sources.  The goal was to provide the students with some insight into what it takes to write fiction. (Poetry writing was addressed in another exercise). The greater goal was to engender a keener appreciation of fiction.

Step One:  Divide the class into arbitrary groups of 3-4 students each. I made the assignments alphabetically.  The beginning of the semester is a particularly propitious time to work in groups as it allows students to share humor, close cooperation, and opinions right away; otherwise the feeling of class cohesion can take weeks to establish.

Step Two:  Every story needs a location, characters, and a conflict to spark the story.  The groups were sent onto the campus for forty minutes to find a location for their story, and two characters to inhabit it. Before sending them, I reminded them of the words of Stephen King in the assigned book On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft: “[Building characters] boils down to two things: paying attention to how the real people around you behave and then telling the truth about what you see.” They were thus rimed for some acute observation of the human condition as they spread out on campus. The characters they discovered ranged from a 4’2″ dwarf to a life guard to a mysterious man in a trench coat.

The locations they chose ranged from the sushi bar in the dining hall to the rec hall to a parking lot.

The conflicts followed naturally after the characters and location were established.

Step Three:  They were given time to develop their story.  In a class which met twice a week, the first draft was not due until the next week, two classes forward, so they had time to organize their schedules and methods of operation in creating the story. Some met in person, some exchanged emails, some spoke on the phone.  In the last minutes of the first class, they were exchanging emails and schedules and I could see the class coming together on a human scale.

Step Four:  The students submitted their first drafts to me by email, I commented using Track Changes, and returned them by email.

 

This assignment will be continued in the next post.

 

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Writing fiction to study literature

The fiction-writing exercise described in this series of posts was the first assignment of a class in which the students would later write essays on assigned subjects, using works of fiction and poetry as sources.  The goal was to provide the students with some insight into what it takes to write fiction. (Poetry writing was addressed in another exercise). The greater goal was to engender a keener appreciation of fiction.

The next few posts will explore in depth a recent assignment in my freshman writing class. Previous to the level at which this exercise was introduced, students wrote simple essays. The format was:

STUDENT     →    ISSUE  (a right and a wrong, good and bad)

In this more advanced class the format was:

STUDENT     →   LITERATURE   →      ISSUE

When viewing moral or weighty issues through literature, judgments become more nuanced.  Choices gray when they involve “real” fictional characters rather than abstract theories.  Before delving into the literature, I thought they should get a taste of what authors go through to produce a work of fiction.

There were several steps to this exercise, taking four classes to complete. The first step was to read Steven King’s classic, On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft. Then we got to work on the stories themselves, using the following techniques.

1.  The groups created three drafts of their story.

2.  The premise was that every story needs a location, characters, and a conflict.

3.  The students were divided into groups of three or four, and sent onto the campus to establish the location and the characters (limited to two), drawing on things and people that they saw.

4.  Each group created a storyboard.

5.  Students wrote a description, following a template.

6.  The groups created a backstory for their characters.

7.   We did semantics exercises.

8.  We had several peer review opportunities, during which students read others’ papers and helped them clarify and hone their work.

9.  We acted out some of the scenes in class.

The next post or two will report on the success of these steps, the pitfalls, and the unexpected benefits of each.

 

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